晕了,杰普逊航图标准研究(待续)!
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问题来源：
在杰普逊航图手册中，发现10-9S这一张图所规定得标准和单个进近图中的标准不一致，具体CHAT如下：金边机场
从图中可以知道，第一张图中的C类飞机的23盲降标准是1000m，但是第二张图中的C类飞机的ILS标准是1200m，两者不一致！
解决问题思路：
两张图都分别代表什么含义？
On JEPPESEN approach and aerodrome charts aninverse printed “Standard” label in the upper left corner of the minimums band indicatesthat the minimums are derived according to the requirements described in EASAAir Operations documents.
在杰普逊航图手册中在左上角带有STANDARD标签的是根据EASA标准计算出来的最低标准。
那么可以知道第一张图是EASA标准下的标准图。
The publication of EASA Air Operationslanding and take-off minimums on Jeppesen charts does not constitute authority for their use by everyoperator. Each individual operator is responsible for validating that the appropriate approval has beenobtained for their use.
但是需要知道的是，在杰普逊航图资料中公布的起飞和落地EASA标准，不一定就等同于每个运营人都可以使用该标准，运营人必须确定获得使用该标准的批准。
再来看第二张：由盘旋速度可以确定是PANS标准，也就是ICAO标准。
国际机场运行时会发现很多机场都是类似的情况，再来看一个罗永机场-泰国。
罗永机场18盲降的标准在杰普逊航图手册中也存在900m（EASA）和1200m（PANS）的区别。
The Explanation of Common Airport OperatingMinimum Specifications is based primarily on U.S. FAA Regulations which are not onlyapplied by U.S. air carriers but also by airlines of many nations. Take-off minima for operators notapplying U.S. FAA Regulations are based on Joint Aviation Regulations Operations (JAR OPS).
机场运行标准制定解释主要基于美国FAA规章，这些规章不仅仅美国国内的航空承运人可以使用，其他国家的其他航空公司也适用。对于没有适用FAA规章的运营人的起飞标准基于JAR OPS。这些规则也被全世界的民航局接受和认可。此文件应该提供航空公司和民航局基本的规则，这些基本规则由杰普逊用来确定机场的运行标准，并且出版在杰普逊进近和机场图上。
两者图有什么区别？
The difference between the minimums on the VTBU10-9S chart and the Approach/Airport charts has to do with the minima conceptused to derive the minimums.
The 10-9S chart is depicting the sourcepublished DA(H)/MDA(H)s, however, the minimum visibilities are calculated usingthe EASA Air Operations minima concept.
EASA Air Ops applies to operators that are basedin EASA member states.
两张图中的区别主要是获得最低能见度标准的方法不同，10-9S采用的最低能见度标准是来自于EASA 运行标准方法；EASA标准适用于EASA的成员国。
The Thailand AIP procedure source does notprovide minimum visibilities, it only provides DA(H)/MDA(H).
泰国AIP程序只规定了最低的DA和MDA，并没有标注最低的能见度。
When this situation occurs, Jeppesen will useour ECOMS minima concept (Explanation of Common Airport Operating MinimumSpecifications) to derive minimum visibilities to depict on the standardapproach/airport charts.
杰普逊会使用ECOMS最低标准确定方法来确定最低能见度。
The ECOMS minima concept is different than theEASA Air Ops minima concept, and EASA Air Ops minima are not compared against ECOMS.
两者确定能见度的方法不同，且两者并不冲突。
To summarize, the standard VTBU approach/airport charts contain source published DA(H)/MDA(H)s and visibilities calculated using ECOMS.
总的来说，标准的罗永进近图包括了公布的DA和MDA以及使用ECOMS计算出来的能见度。
The 10-9S chart contains source publishedDA(H)/MDA(H)s and visibilities calculated using EASA Air Operations. It is theresponsibility of the individual operators to validate that the appropriateapproval has been obtained for the minimums they are using.
而10-9S的标准图包含了批准的DA和MDA和由EASA方法计算出来的能见度标准，对于运行来说，确认是否得到使用标准的批准的责任由运营人承担。
如同上文所述，运营人必须获得相应的批准才能实施相应的标准,运营人获得批准的方式体现在运行规范中：
在国外机场，所用终端仪表飞行程序必须等同于ICAO的标准、FAA的标准、以及欧洲的标准。
注：缩写
ECOMS: Explanation of Common Airport OperatingMinimum Specifications.
JAR-OPS: Joint Aviation Regulations Operations.
EASA: European Aviation Safety Agency.
To Be Continued.......
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