高温季节常见故障(四)刹车温度高 BRAKES HOT
高温季节常见故障（四）刹车温度高 BRAKES HOTHigh Temperature Season Common Faults (4)Brakes HighTemperature BRAKES HOT
一 现象
phenomenon
当飞机执行刹车动作后任一主轮刹车温度过高或因指示异常，ECAM出现BRAKES HOT警告信息，刹车风扇电门琥珀色HOT灯亮，SD机轮页面相应的刹车温度指示超过300℃、温度值上方出现琥珀色弧线或显示XX、温度指示跳变等。
When the brake temperature of one of the main wheels is too high or the indicator is abnormal, ECAM will display BRAKES HOT warning message, the BRK FAN will be amber HOT light, the corresponding brake temperature indicator on the SD wheel page will exceed 300 ° C, the amber arc will appear above the temperature value, or XX will be displayed, the temperature indicator will jump, etc.
二 原因分析
Cause analysis
出现BRAKES HOT警告信息和刹车风扇电门琥珀色HOT灯亮一般有两种情况：1刹车真实高温；2刹车温度指示故障。
There are generally two situations in which BRAKES HOT warning information and amber HOT light of brake fan switch light appear: 1. brake real high temperature; 2. brake temperature indicator is faulty.
刹车过热主要有两种表现形式：
1）任何阶段均可能的刹车温度突变，特点是变化幅度大，突变，时间短。
2）落地使用刹车后的刹车温度不断攀升，特点是变化幅度不大，连续，时间长。
There are two main forms of brake overheating:
1) Possible sudden change of brake temperature at any stage, which is characterized by large change amplitude, sudden change and short time.
2) The brake temperature after landing and using the brake continues to rise, which is characterized by a small change, continuous, and long time.
以上两种表现形式，表征了真假警告的特点。如果温度显示持续上升或下降，可怀疑为真实超温。如果温度指示短时大幅跳变，可判断为指示故障，也即“BRAKES HOT”警告为假警告。
The above two forms of expression represent the characteristics of true and false warnings. If the temperature shows a continuous rise or fall, it can be suspected to be a true overtemperature. If the temperature indicates a short and large jump, it can be judged as indicating a fault, that is, the "BRAKES HOT" warning is a false warning.
刹车真实高温
Brake true high temperature
在夏季高温天气、短跑道/污染跑道使用人工刹车/MED或MAX自动刹车后，更容易出现刹车真实高温的情况。ECAM页面BRAKES HOT警告信息和刹车风扇电门琥珀色HOT灯亮的触发条件是一样的：当4个刹车的温度指示中的任何1个，温度高于300℃时，BRAKES HOT警报被触发、HOT灯亮，当温度回到290℃以下时警告消失、HOT灯灭。
In high temperature weather in summer, short track/polluted track using manual brake /MED or MAX automatic brake, it is more likely to occur real high temperature brake situation. The BRAKES HOT warning information on the ECAM page is triggered under the same conditions as the amber HOT light on the brake fan switch: when the temperature of any of the four brake temperature indicators is above 300 ° C, the BRAKES HOT alarm is triggered and the HOT light is on, and when the temperature is below 290 ° C, the warning disappears and the HOT light is off.
刹车温度指示故障
Brake temperature indicator failure
刹车温度指示异常的故障（刹车温度指示XX、温度指示偏高）可能伴随ECAM有BRAKE HOT警告信息，故障信息有BRK TEMP SENSOR X (X GW)/BTMU(X GW)，绝大多数由于刹车温度传感器对污染较为敏感，探头的污染，插头销钉损伤、氧化腐蚀、污染、水汽等都会对刹车温度传感器的指示造成影响，导致传感器可靠性不佳，A321飞机尤其明显。亦有BTMU的插头销钉损伤、氧化腐蚀、污染、水汽等，导线束和热缩管的破损，导致BTMU接收到的信号不正常、温度指示异常的情况。
Abnormal fault of BRAKE temperature indicator (brake temperature indicator XX, high temperature indicator) may be accompanied by BRAKE HOT warning message of ECAM, fault information is BRK TEMP SENSOR X (X GW)/BTMU(X GW), most of the brake temperature sensor is more sensitive to pollution, probe pollution, Plug pin damage, oxidative corrosion, pollution, water vapor, etc. can affect the indication of the brake temperature sensor, resulting in poor sensor reliability, especially in the A321 aircraft. There are also BTMU plug pin damage, oxidation corrosion, pollution, water vapor, etc., wire bundle and heat shrink tube damage, resulting in BTMU received signals are abnormal, abnormal temperature indication.
三 处置预案
Disposal Plan
刹车真实高温的处置
Brake real high temperature disposal
1.当刹车温度高于200 °C 时，机组执行滑行中刹车或停靠泊位刹车时，可能会发生机身抖动现象。
1. When the brake temperature is higher than 200 °C, the body may shake when the unit executes the taxiing brake or the parking brake.
2.飞机在地面停稳后，如果ECAM上BRAKE HOT警告信息依然存在，应挡好轮挡，松开停留刹车，使用刹车风扇进行冷却降温。如果在刹车高温状态下保持停留刹车，可能导致刹车粘连、掉块，增大安全风险，降低刹车使用寿命，加长刹车冷却至可执行航班温度的时间。
2. After the aircraft is stopped on the ground, if the BRAKE HOT warning message on the ECAM still exists, the wheel stop should be blocked, the stopping brake should be released, and the brake fan should be used to cool down. If the stay brake is maintained at high temperature, it may cause the brake to stick and fall off, increasing the safety risk, reducing the service life of the brake, and extending the time for the brake to cool to the flight temperature.
3.刹车真实过热不可以放行，在确定刹车系统不存在故障后，需确保足够的冷却时间，将刹车温度降低至 300℃以下（风扇不工作）或 150℃以下（风扇正常工作）方可继续执行航班（起飞的最大刹车温度限制确保：在液压泄漏的情况下，与刹车组件接触的液压油不会在起落架收上后在轮舱内起火）。对于正常范围内的温度差异可通过打开刹车风扇给刹车降温并确保在一定时间内刹车温度能够正常下降直至要求范围内（低于 150℃）。
3. The brake can not be released if it is really overheated. After determining that there is no fault in the brake system, it is necessary to ensure sufficient cooling time and reduce the brake temperature below 300 ° C (the fan does not work) or below 150 ° C (the fan works normally) before continuing the flight (the maximum brake temperature limit for take-off ensures that: In the event of a hydraulic leak, the hydraulic oil in contact with the brake assembly will not ignite in the wheel well after the landing gear is retracted). For the temperature difference within the normal range, the brake can be cooled by turning on the brake fan and ensuring that the brake temperature can drop normally within the required range (below 150 ° C) within a certain period of time.
4.如果冷却风扇不工作，仅靠自然冷却的话，需要较长时间才能将刹车温度降至可执行航班温度限制，可以使用地面设备对刹车进行降温，如移动空调、移动风扇、高压气瓶等散热工具。注意：禁止用水给刹车降温，以避免发生热冲击或刹车内残留水分结冰造成爆胎等意外事件。
4. If the cooling fan does not work and only relies on natural cooling, it will take a long time to reduce the brake temperature to the enforceable flight temperature limit. Ground equipment can be used to cool the brake, such as mobile air conditioners, mobile fans, high pressure cylinders and other cooling tools. Note: Do not use water to cool the brakes to avoid accidents such as thermal shock or freezing of residual water in the brakes.
5.当某一刹车温度与其他刹车有明显异常时，可使用红外测温隔离是否指示问题，如使用红外测温确认刹车温度高，首先应检查刹车风扇是否正常，确保刹车冷却系统正常工作，并通过执行以下检查以排除因刹车本体故障原因：松开停留刹车后检查刹车作动筒是否全部正常缩回，分别增压绿液压系统和黄液压系统，增压后反复踩刹车踏板，检查所有绿、黄系统刹车作动筒能否正常伸缩，有无卡阻，目视检查刹车盘有无异常。
5. When a brake temperature is obviously abnormal with other brakes, infrared temperature measurement can be used to isolate whether the problem is indicated, such as using infrared temperature measurement to confirm the brake temperature is high, first check whether the brake fan is normal, ensure that the brake cooling system works normally, and by performing the following checks to eliminate the cause of the brake body failure: After releasing the stop brake, check whether all the brake actuator cylinders are normally retracted, pressurize the green hydraulic system and the yellow hydraulic system respectively, press the brake pedal repeatedly after pressurization, check whether all the green and yellow brake actuator cylinders can expand normally and whether there is any blockage, and visually check whether the brake disc is abnormal.
注：如在更换刹车毂过程中排气不干净、执行MEL解除刹车M项没有完全释压、刹车作动筒没有完全回位均会造成非刹车状态下刹车动静片摩擦从而温度上升。
Note: If the exhaust is not clean in the process of replacing the brake hub, the MEL is not completely relieved the pressure of the brake M item, and the brake actuator cylinder is not completely returned, it will cause the friction of the brake dynamic plate in the non-braking state and thus the temperature will rise.
6.排除指示故障后的刹车温度真实过热的故障判断：
6. Troubleshoot the fault judgment of real overheating of the brake temperature after indicating the fault:
1）同一侧起落架的两个刹车温度差异超过或经常接近 150℃且其中一个刹车温度高于600℃或同一侧起落架的两个刹车温度差异超过或经常接近 150℃且其中一个刹车温度低于60℃时，参考 TSM32-42-00-810-921-A Difference of Temperature between the two Brakes on a Same Gear 进行排故；
1) When the difference between the two brake temperatures of the same landing gear exceeds or frequently approaches 150 ° C and one of the brake temperatures is higher than 600 ° C or when the difference between the two brake temperatures of the same landing gear exceeds or frequently approaches 150 ° C and one of the brake temperatures is lower than 60 ° C, Refer to TSM32-42-00-810-921-A Difference of Temperature between the two Brakes on a Same Gear for troubleshooting;
2）最近的 10 个航段内如果发生 3 次及以上不同侧的起落架刹车平均温度差值≥200℃，且不是侧风等外界因素导致，参考 TSM32-42-00-810-922-A Difference of Average Temperature between the L and R Gears 进行排故。
2) If the average temperature difference of landing gear brake on different sides is ≥200℃ for 3 or more times in the latest 10 segments, and it is not caused by external factors such as crosswind, See TSM32-42-00-810-922-A Difference of Average Temperature between the L and R Gears for troubleshooting.
3）如刹车温度过高，导致热熔塞熔化，参考 TSM32-42-00-810-923-A Brake Overheat with Fuse Plug Melted 进行排故。
3) If the Brake temperature is too high, causing the hot melt Plug to melt, refer to TSM32-42-00-810-923-A Brake Overheat with Fuse Plug Melted.
4）如刹车温度指示超过 900（321 飞机超过 800），参考 TSM32-42-00-810-924-A BrakeOverheat 进行排故。
4) If the brake temperature indicator exceeds 900 (321 aircraft exceeds 800), refer to TSM32-42-00-810-924-A BrakeOverheat for troubleshooting.
刹车温度指示故障处置
Brake temperature indication troubleshooting
1.检查传感器电插头是否松动/脱落。
1. Check whether the electrical plug of the sensor is loose or disconnected.
2.可尝试复位前轮转弯/防滞电门或尝试重置跳开关 121VU：M33、M34、M35、M36 和 M37；如果有条件，还可以清洁刹车温度传感器电插头。依据 AMM32-46-00-740-001 执行 BSCU 自检测试。如果有故障信息，则按相应的故障信息进一步排故；如无故障信息，可借助QAR数据判断。
2. Try to reset the front wheel turning/anti-delay switch or try to reset the jump switch 121VU: M33, M34, M35, M36 and M37; If possible, the brake temperature sensor electrical plug can also be cleaned. Perform BSCU self-test according to AMM32-46-00-740-001. If any fault information exists, troubleshoot the fault according to the fault information. If there is no fault information, use the QAR data to determine the fault.
3.指示故障依据 MEL 32-07-01A（无 BRAKES HOT 信息）或 MEL 32-07-01B（有 BRAKES HOT）放行（需执行 M 项，失效相关传感器并做好保护）。
3. Indicate that the fault is allowed according to MEL 32-07-01A (no BRAKES HOT information) or MEL 32-07-01B (BRAKES HOT information) (perform item M, fail related sensors, and protect them).
4. 起飞后，若飞机出现 BRAKES HOT 警告 ，参考 FCOM，保持起落架不收起或者放下起落架以冷却刹车。如果发生过刹车温度异常偏高并且复位后正常，可与机组沟通后续航段关注刹车温度变化，如果是突变式温度升高或突变式波动建议按照指示故障处置。
4. After takeoff, if the aircraft has a brake HOT warning, refer to FCOM to keep the landing gear not retracted or lower the landing gear to cool the BRAKES. If the brake temperature is abnormally high and normal after reset, you can communicate with the unit to pay attention to the change of brake temperature in subsequent flight segments. If the temperature is sudden rise or sudden fluctuation, it is recommended to handle the fault according to the instructions.
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