从图中红线可以看到,当MCAS启动后,配平指令就旁通掉驾驶杆切断电门,直接送到配平限制电门,如此一来机组即使往后猛拉驾驶杆也没法切断MCAS所发出的机头向下配平的信号。
P10板的两个安定面切断电门打到切断位时都能断开送往电马达的电源,此时MCAS自然也无法再工作。此外,主电配平的权限高于自动配平,因此也能超控MCAS。
以下为波音邮件,解释什么是MCAS和为什么出了问题?NG会不会出问题。
A pitch augmentation system function called "Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System" (MCAS) is implemented on the 737-8, -9 (MAX) to enhance pitch characteristics with flaps UP and at elevated angles of attack. The MCAS function commands nose down stabilizer to enhance pitch characteristics during steep turns with elevated load factors and during flaps up flight at airspeeds approaching stall. MCAS is activated without pilot input and only operates in manual, flaps up flight. The system is designed to allow the flight crew to use column trim switch or stabilizer aisle stand cutout switches to override MCAS input. The function is commanded by the Flight Control computer using input data from sensors and other airplane systems.
The MCAS function becomes active when the airplane Angle of Attack exceeds a threshold based on airspeed and altitude. Stabilizer incremental commands are limited to 2.5 degrees and are provided at a rate of 0.27 degrees per second. The magnitude of the stabilizer input is lower at high Mach number and greater at low Mach numbers. The function is reset once angle of attack falls below the Angle of Attack threshold or if manual stabilizer commands are provided by the flight crew. If the original elevated AOA condition persists, the MCAS function commands another incremental stabilizer nose down command according to current aircraft Mach number at actuation.
The MCAS function is not incorporated on 737NG airplanes.
简单翻译: 一个被称为“机动特性增强系统”的俯仰增强系统安装在新的737MAX-8 -9 上,用以在襟翼收上和飞机大的迎角时增强俯仰特性。MCAS可以在大坡度转弯增加了载荷因子和襟翼收上后速度接近失速速度时指令安定面往飞机低头方向配平飞机,以增强飞机的俯仰特性。MCAS只在襟翼收上的手动飞行时生效,并且不需要飞行员指令。MCAS系统设计成允许飞行机组使用驾驶盘上的电动配平电门和操纵台上的安定面配平切断电门来超控MCAS的指令。该功能由FCC(飞行控制计算机)使用传感器和其他飞机系统的输入信号来控制。 MCAS功能在飞机迎角超过基于空速和高度的一定的阈值时生效。安定面的增量控制限制在2.5度。速率为每秒0.27度。在高马赫数时,安定面的输入量较小,低马赫数时较大。一旦在飞机迎角小于迎角的阈值或者飞行机组指令了安定面配平后此功能会重置。如果当初的增大的AOA状况还依旧存在,MCAS会依照当前启动时的马赫数重新指令安定面低头配平。 此MCAS功能没有在737NG飞机上安装。
点评:此功能和空客的迎角保护功能类似,都是在大迎角时会指令飞机下俯,而飞机因为迎角探测器故障,不能给飞机一个迎角减小的信号造成飞行控制计算机认为没有达到指令的效果,从而进一步指令飞机下俯。最终导致飞机进入一个持续下俯回路。