首航澳门事件初步调查报告出炉

№_唯宠、那女子

9月28日，澳门民航局公布了一个月前在澳门发生着陆不安全事件的首都航空JD5759航班的初步调查报告。我们原文翻译出来，呈现给大家。



报告原文在澳门民航局官网上可以下载

事件经过



On 28 August, 2018, an Airbus A320-214 aircraft, registered B-6952, departed from Beijing Capital International Airport (ZBAA) to Macau International Airport Macao, China (VMMC), operated by Beijing Capital Airlines as a schedule passenger flight, JD5759 / CBJ5759.

2018年8月28日，首都航空公司一架注册号为B-6952的空客A320-214飞机，执行从北京首都国际机场（ZBAA）飞往中国澳门国际机场（VMMC）的JD5759 / CBJ5759航班。

The flight was normal until final approach. As the aircraft was in final stages of the approach and descending from 50 to 30 feet above ground level, the indicated airspeed decreased from 134 to 122 knot and the rate of descent was about 688 feet/min. The airspeed decrease occurred within 1-2 seconds and by touchdown the aircraft was being affected by a 28 knot tailwind.

飞行在最后进近阶段之前都是正常的。当飞机处于最后进近阶段、在从高于地面50英尺向高于地面30英尺下降过程中，飞机指示空速从134减少到122节，下降率约688英尺/分钟。空速的减少发生在1-2秒内，着陆期间飞机遇到28节顺风的影响。

At 03:15:35, the aircraft touched down on the main landing gear with peak vertical acceleration 2.359G at about 300 meter after the threshold of runway 34 at Macau International Airport and bounced up in the air.

时间03:15:35，飞机主起落架在澳门国际机场34号跑道入口内约300米处接地，垂直过载为2.359G，然后跳起。

At 03:15:39, the aircraft touched down again on the nose landing gear with peak vertical acceleration 3.406G at about 600 meter after the threshold of runway 34. The nose landing gear was damage and debris were ingested into both engines, resulting both engines were damaged.

时间03:15:39，飞机在34号跑道入口内约600米处再次接地，前起落架先接地，垂直过载峰值为3.406G。前起落架受损，两个发动机都吸入碎片，造成发动机损坏。

After the second touchdown, the captain conducted miss approach procedures with low climb rate.

第二次接地后，机长执行复飞，复飞爬升率较小。

At 03:16:21 Macau Air Traffic Control (ATC) informed the flight crews that fire was observed coming out from its left engine.

03:16:21，澳门空中交通管制（ATC）通知飞行机组发现左侧发动机发生火情。

At around 03:20:00, a tire was found on the Macau runway and flight crews were informed.

03:20:00左右，（工作人员在）澳门机场跑道上发现了一个轮胎，并将这一情况通知了飞行机组。

The captain declared mayday and determined suitable airport to land the aircraft, navigation system was inoperative after the hard landing and backup navigation system was activated.

机长宣布mayday并确定合适的着陆机场，导航系统在重着陆后失效，备用导航系统启动。

After evaluating the situation, flight crew decided to divert to Shenzhen and requested full emergency landing at Shenzhen Bao’an International Airport.

在评估情况后，机组人员决定备降深圳，并要求在深圳宝安国际机场紧急降落。

At 03:57:52, the aircraft landed in Shenzhen Bao’an International Airport. The Aircraft sustained substantial damage and there was no outbreak of fire.

03:57:52，飞机降落在深圳宝安国际机场。飞机严重受损，没有起火。

The crews activated emergency evacuation procedures and all persons onboard were evacuated through evacuation slides from door 1 right and door 4 right.

机组启动紧急撤离，机上所有人员都通过右侧1号出口和右侧4号出口的紧急滑梯撤离。

人员受伤情况



There were a total of 166 persons on board, consisting of the 3 flight crews (1 as observer), 6 cabin crews and 157 passengers.

机上共有166人，其中包括3名飞行机组人员（包括1名观察员）、6名客舱机组人员和157名乘客。

5 passengers suffered minor injuries during evacuation in Shenzhen Bao’an International Airport.

在深圳宝安国际机场紧急撤离期间，5名乘客受轻伤。

飞机和发动机信息





飞行受损情况



前起落架Nose landing gear (NLG)

1.前起落架两个轮子丢失。 NLG was damaged with 2 wheels lost.

2.前起落架滑管破裂。 NLG sliding tube fractured.

3.前起落架主装配台磨损 。Bottom of NLG main fitting wear.

4.前起落架下扭矩连杆断裂。NLG lower torque link fractured.

5.滑行灯支架断裂。Taxi light bracket fractured.

6.前起落架空/地传感机构断裂。NLG Flight / Ground Sensing Mechanism fractured.

前机身Forward fuselage

1.框架17—24位和右纵梁30—右下纵梁位置变形。Deformation at frame 17 – frame 24, stringer 30 right hand – right hand lower stringer.

2.框架18—24位和右下方纵梁轨—左下方纵梁轨变形。Deformation at frame 18 – frame 24，lower right hand stringer trace – lower left hand stringer trace.

3.框架15—24位和纵梁30位左侧—左手下纵梁位置变形。Deformation at frame 15 – frame 24, stringer 30 left hand – left hand lower stringer.

4.框架20位和客舱地板梁变形。Deformation at frame 20 and cabin floor beam.

左侧发动机Left engine

1.所有35个风扇叶片受损。All 35 fan blades damaged.

2. 风扇壳体2处穿透损伤。2 penetration damages in fan case.

3.外来物碎片造成低压压缩机（LPC）和高压压缩机（HPC）叶片严重受损。Severe damage at low-pressure compressor (LPC) and high-pressure compressor (HPC) blades due to foreign object debris.

4.压缩机、高压涡轮（HPT）和低压涡轮（LPT）附有熔化金属。Combustor, high-pressure turbine (HPT) and low-pressure turbine (LPT) are attached with melted metal.

5.风扇内罩前缘穿透性损伤。Penetration damage at leading edge of inner fan cowl.

6.隔音板严重受损。Severe damage at acoustic panels.

7.反推上存在划痕和凹痕。Nicks and dents at thrust reversers.

8.塔架移动整流罩存在凹痕。Nicks at pylon movable fairing

右侧发动机Right engine

1. 6个风扇叶片受损。6 fan blades were damaged.

2. 2个隔音板受损。2 acoustic panels were damaged.

3. 低压压缩机（LPC）和高压压缩机（HPC）叶片发生飞机维护手册（AMM）限制内的损伤。Damage at LPC and HPC blades within Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM) limit.

4.风扇内罩存在4处划痕和凹痕。4 nicks and dents at inner fan cowl.

左侧主起落架（MLG）固定整流罩损坏。

Damage at left hand main landing gear (MLG) fixed fairing.

后机身的排水桅杆因磨损而变形。 Drain mast at AFT fuselage was deformed with abrasion wear.

辅助动力装置（APU）排水桅杆磨损。Abrasion wear at auxiliary power unit (APU) drain mast.

天气及环境信息



根据02:56:59发布的METAR信息，澳门国际机场34号跑道方向进近的天气包括方向200度4节风，能见度10公里，高度为1200英尺的少量云， 高度为3000英尺的疏云，地面温度为29°C。

According to METAR published at 02:56:59, the weather for the approach into Macau International Airport runway 34 included 4 knots of wind in direction 200, visibility 10 Km, Few (1 - 2 oktas） clouds at a height of 1,200 feet,scattered (3 - 4 oktas） clouds at a height of 3,000 feet. The temperature on the ground was 29 °C.

34号跑道风传感器采集的从03:15:00到03:15:57期间的原始数据，阵风突然从10节变为22节，风向为170至190，即变为顺风。

Raw data collected from wind sensor at runway 34 shown from 03:15:00 to 03:15:57, gust wind sudden changed from 10 knot to 22 knot with wind direction ranging from 170 to 190 which is tail wind.

记录的飞行数据


飞机配备了驾驶舱语音记录器、飞行数据记录器和快速访问记录器，记录了与事件相关的飞行数据。

The aircraft was fitted with a cockpit voice recorder, flight data recorder and a quick access recorder, which recorded the flight data associated with the occurrence.

记录的飞行数据表明，大约03:15:35时刻，飞机在28节的顺风条件下着陆，飞机首次以主起落架接地，下降率为640英尺/分钟，速度为122节，俯仰角峰值为7.73度。在第一次着陆期间记录的垂直过载峰值为2.359G。

The recorded flight data indicated that the aircraft was touchdown in conditions of tail wind of 28 knot at about 03:15:35, the aircraft first touchdown on the main landing gear, the descent rate was 640 feet per minute, the speed was 122 knot, and the peak pitch angle was 7.73 degrees. The peak recorded vertical acceleration during the first touchdown was 2.359G.

03:15:39，飞机再次以前起落架接地并跳起。在第二次着陆期间记录的垂直过载峰值为3.406G。

At 03:15:39, the aircraft touched down again on the nose landing gear and took off. The peak recorded vertical acceleration during the second touchdown was 3.406G.

后续调查



调查仍在继续，将考虑以下方面：

轮胎碎片检查和分析Wheel debris examination and analysis

飞行数据分析Flight data analysis

飞行性能分析 flight performance analysis

机组培训和资格crew training and qualifications

天气和环境的影响 weather and environment influences

飞机系统 aircraft systems

飞机维护历史 aircraft maintenance history

ATC程序ATC procedures

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