A320与A330的差异之ATA29

CUA-4109

A320与A330的差异之ATA29

A320 and A330 Differences of ATA29

1.SYSTEM OVERVIEW

    为了保证供压的安全可靠，现代飞机上一般都有几个独立的液压源系统。双发飞机，如波音737系列和空客320系列，一般有三个独立的液压源系统。而四发飞机，如波音747，具有四个独立的液压源系统。所谓独立的液压源系统是指每个液压源都有单独的液压元件，可以独立向用压系统提供液压。

    In order to ensure the safety and reliability of  hydraulic pressure supply, modern aircraft generally have several independent hydraulic power systems. Twin-engine aircraft, such as the Boeing 737 series and the Airbus 320 series, generally have three separate hydraulic power systems. Four-engine aircraft, such as the Boeing 747, have four separate hydraulic systems. The so-called independent hydraulic power system means that each hydraulic power has a separate hydraulic component, which can independently provide hydraulic pressure to the pressure system.

     不同机型上液压源系统的名称有所不同，如在波音B737飞机上称为A、B和备用液压系统；波音B777上称为左液压系统、右液压系统和中央液压系统；中国C919飞机上称1、2和3号液压系统；空客A320飞机则称为绿、黄和蓝系统。有趣的是把绿、黄和蓝第一个英文大写字母连一起可以为GBY，寓意GOD BLESS YOU，上帝保佑，可见液压系统在飞机上的重要性。下面就来聊一聊A320与A330液压系统的差异。

   The names of the hydraulic power systems vary on different aircraft type, such as A, B, and backup hydraulic systems on Boeing B737 aircraft; On the B777, it is called the left hydraulic system, the right hydraulic system and the central hydraulic system; The Airbus A320 is called the Green, yellow and Blue system. It is interesting that the first capital letters of green, yellow and blue together can be GBY, meaning GOD BLESS YOU, God bless you, showing the importance of hydraulic system in the aircraft. Let's talk about the differences between the A320 and A330 hydraulic systems.

A320 hydraulic power system



A330 hydraulic power system

   先说A320，在绿色系统中，正常的压力源是发动机驱动泵(EDP)，辅助的压力源是动力传输单元(PTU)。在蓝色系统中，正常压力源是电动泵(E-Pump)，辅助压力源是冲压空气涡轮(RAT)。在黄色系统上，正常压力源是EDP，辅助压力源是PTU和电动泵(E-pump)。黄色系统也有一个手动泵专用于货舱门操作。

   Start with the A320，On the green system the normal source of pressure is the Engine Driven Pump (EDP) and as auxiliary source the Power Transfer Unit (PTU). On the blue system the normal source of pressure is the electrical pump (E-Pump) and as auxiliary source the Ram Air Turbine (RAT).On the yellow system the normal source of pressure is the EDP and as auxiliary sources the PTU and the electric pump (E- Pump). The yellow system also dedicated to cargo door operation.

   值得一提的是，A320独有的动力传输单元（PTU）, 是绿色或黄色系统的辅助压力供应，不需要在两个系统之间传递流体, 即为传压不传液。如果绿色/黄色或黄色/绿色液压系统之间的△P压力为500psi，则自动运行。



  It is worth mentioning that the A320's unique Power transfer unit (PTU), which is an auxiliary pressure supply for either the green or yellow systems without transfer of fluid between the two systems. That is, to transfer pressure without transferring hydraulic fulid. It operates automatically if there is a delta pressure of 500psi between the green / yellow or yellow / green hydraulic systems.

    在A330中，在绿色系统中，正常的压力来源是两台发动机的驱动泵（EDP），辅助压力源是电动泵（E-pump）和冲压空气涡轮(RAT)，取消了动力传输单元（PTU），而且绿蓝黄系统都有电动泵（E-pump）。同样，黄系统有一个手动泵用于操作货舱门。液压压力与A320相同都是3000psi。（A350：5000psi）液压系统监测单元(HSMU)监测每个液压系统并提供相关指示，这是A320所没有的。冲压空气涡轮（RAT）的位置也与A320不同。A320的RAT在左机腹部，而A330的RAT在右大翼四号襟翼滑轨整流罩里。

   In the A330, in the green system, the normal pressure source is the two engine drive pumps (EDP), the auxiliary pressure source is the electric pump (E-pump) and the ram air turbine (RAT), the power transmission unit (PTU) is eliminated, and the green, blue and yellow systems have electric pumps (E-pump). Similarly, the Yellow system has a hand pump for operating the cargo door.The hydraulic pressure is 3000psi, the same as the A320. (A350:5000psi) The Hydraulic System Monitoring Unit (HSMU) monitors each of the hydraulic systems and provides the associated indications，which is A320 doesn't have. The ram air turbine (RAT) is also located differently from the A320. The A320 RAT is in the left fuselage belly, while the A330 RAT is in the right wing flap track No.4 fairing.



A320



A330

2. USERS



A320



A330

    在A320中三个独立的液压系统分别供图中所示的用户使用。正常刹车、1发反推、1号偏航阻尼伺服作动筒、1号和5号左右的扰流板、襟翼右边翼尖刹车，缝翼左右翼尖刹车等是绿系统用户；前轮转弯，备用和停留刹车、货舱门、2发反推、2号偏航阻尼伺服作动筒和2号、4号左右扰流板等是黄系统用户；蓝系统用户则为应急发电机和3号左右扰流板等。

   The three independent hydraulic systems respectively supply the users indicated on the diagram in A320. Normal brake, reverse ENG 1, No. 1 yaw damping servo actuator, LH & RH SPLR 1,LH & RH SPLR 5, flap RH WTB and slats LH & RH WTB, etc., are green system users; N/WS, ALTN/park brakes, cargo door, reverse ENG 2, No. 2 yaw damping servo actuator and LH & RH SPLR 2,LH & RH SPLR 4,ect., are yellow system users; blue system users have CSM/G and LH & RH SPLR 3, ect.

   而A330则有很多不同。蓝色系统提供1发反推黄色系统提供2发反推。飞行控制供应，在三个液压系统之间平均分配，通过泄漏测量活门完成。这些活门在进行维护操作时可以关闭。其中备用刹车、停留刹车和备用电源都是蓝系统用户。绿系统则有正常刹车、起落架、前轮转弯和应急电发电机等。黄系统则是货舱门、4和6号扰流板和1号俯仰配平作动筒。

  The A330 is different in many ways. The blue system supplies the thrust reverser 1 and the yellow system supplies the thrust reverser 2.  The flight controls supply, which is evenly divided between the three hydraulic systems, is done through the leak measurement valves.  These valves can be closed for maintenance operation.Among them, the ALTN braking, the PRK brake and the back-up power supply are all blue system users. The green system has normal brakes, landing gear,N/WS and CSM/G. The yellow system is the cargo door, spoilers 4 and 6, and pitch trim actuator 1.





A330 back-up  control module



A330 back up supply power

如果方向舵正常伺服控制受飞控计算机的影响不工作，电子备份提供飞机的偏航控制。电子备份将驾驶员的指令从踏板传送到方向舵，并确保荷兰滚阻尼功能。电子备份由备用控制模块（BCM）和备用电源构成。备用电源由蓝色和黄色液压系统提供。

  The electrical back-up provides the yaw control of the aircraft if the rudder normal servoing by the flight control computers is not operational.The electrical back-up transmits the pilot orders from the rudder pedals to the rudder and ensures Dutch roll damping.The electronic back-up consists of a back-up control module(BCM) and a back-up power supply.The Back-up Power Supplies are supplied from the Blue and Yellow hydraulic systems.

3.HSMU(A330)





A330 HSMU

     A330的液压系统监控单元（HSMU）位于飞机的电子舱内电子机架800VU。这是A320所没有的。HSMU的一般功能包括:

   (1)液压回路监测;

   (2)相关的显示：

-液压油箱低气压力

-液压油箱低油量

-液压油箱加油调整

-液压油箱超温

-液压泵低压

-电动泵过热

  (3)电动泵的手动和自动控制

  (4)电动泵指示

  (5)冲压空气涡轮(RAT)的自动扩展和相关的抑制

  (6)绿系统关断活门的自动关闭

   (7)在飞行中流量渗流活门的抑制

   (8)模拟数据处理：

-液压油温度和液压油箱过热计算

-液压油箱油量

-液压油箱加油调整相对液压油温度的计算。

   The hydraulic system monitoring unit(HSMU) of A330 is located inside of the electronic compartment in the electronic rack 800VU.The A320 does not have.The general function of the HSMU includes :

(1)Hydraulic circuits monitoring;

(2)Associated indications, as:

-reservoirs low air press

-reservoirs low level

-reservoirs filling adjustment

-reservoir overheat

-pumps low press

-electric pumps overheat

(3)Manual and automatic controls of electric pumps

(4)Electric pumps indicating

(5)Automatic extension of Ram Air Turbine (RAT) and associated inhibitions

(6)Green fire shut−off valves auto closure

(7)Inhibition of the leak measurement valves closure in fligh

(8)Analog data processing, as:

-Fluid temperature and reservoir overheat computation

- reservoirs fluid level

-reservoir filling adjustment versus fluid temperature computation

4.SERVICING PANELS



A320  hydraulic servicing panels



A330 hydraulic sevicing panels



A320 green hydraulic service panel



A330 green hydraulic service panel



A320 blue hydraulic service panel



A330 blue hydraulic service panel



A320 yellow hydraulic service panel



A330 yellow hydraulic service panel

我们可以看出，A320的手摇棒在黄系统勤务面板，而A330的手摇棒在绿系统勤务面板。A330的三个勤务面板可以直接看到每个系统储压气瓶的压力，而A320不能，要在储压气瓶本体上看。储压气瓶的氮气勤务也是一样。A320的三个勤务面板都有单独的给系统地面增压口，而A330只有在蓝系统有两个增压口，其中绿系统用一个，黄蓝系统共用一个。





A320 hydraulic power accumulator





A330 hydraulic power accumulator

  We can see that the A320's hand pump level is on the yellow hydraulic service panel, while the A330's hand pump level is on the green hydraulic service panel. The A330's three service panels can directly see the pressure of each system's accumulators, while the A320 cannot, but must be seen on the accumulator body. The same is true for the nitrogen service of the accumulator. The A320 has ground pressurizing ports on each of its three service panels, while the A330 only has two pressurizing ports on the Blue system, one for the green system and  the other one for the yellow and blue systems.

5.RESERVIOR





A320 reservior





A330 reservior

	Green	Yellow	Blue
The normal fill level	14L	12L	6L
The maximum gageable level	18L	18L	8L
The low-level warning level	3.0+0.4/-0.4L	3.0+0.4/-0.4	2.0and2.3L

A320 reservior level



A330 reservior level

6.RAT

  尽管在A320系列和A330中，RAT(冲压空气涡轮)手动红色保护按钮(在头顶紧急电气面板和液压面板上)都是大约在同一个位置（本体位置不一样） 在相同的位置，有相同的形状，但他们之间有很大的差异。

   Although both RAT(Ram Air Turbine) Manual Red Guarded Buttons(in the overhead Emergency Electrical Paneland Hydraulic Panel) in theA320 Family and A330 are approx. in the same location(RAT location is different) and have the same shape, but there is a magnificent difference between them.



A320

    RAT有2个部署螺线管。在A320中，HYD面板40VU上的RAT手动按钮连接到1号螺线管上，应急电气面板21VU上的另一个按钮连接到2号螺线管上。自动激活通过螺线管1完成。螺线管1从热电瓶总线馈电，螺线管2从2号电瓶馈电。

   The RAT has 2 Deploy Solenoids.In A320,the RAT Manual button in the HYD Panel 40VU is connected to Solenoid number 1 and the other on Emergency Electrical Panel 21VU connected to Solenoid number 2.The automatic Activation is done through the Solenoid 1.The solenoid 1 fed from Hot Bat Bus,and Solenoid 2 fed from BAT no.2.



A330

    在A330中增加了新的LRU计算机HSMU(液压系统监控单元)。RAT也有两个部署螺线管，但一个连接到HYD面板245VU中的RAT手动红色保护按钮，由HOT Bat总线提供，另一个连接到HSMU，用于自动激活RAT，并由ESS总线提供。

    In the A330 new LRU Computer called HSMU(Hydraulic Sys Monitoring Unit)is added.  The RAT also has two Deploy Solenoids, but one is connected to RAT Manual Red Guarded button in the HYD Panel 245VU and supplied by HOT Bat Bus and the other connected to the HSMU for Automatic Activation of the RAT and supplied from ESS Bus.

   在A320系列中，在飞行中，当两个交流主总线失效且速度高于100 kts时，冲压空气涡轮(RAT)电磁阀1由热电瓶总线1供电，RAT自动扩展。此外，恒速电机/发电机(CSM/ G)控制单元使用2号电瓶激活CSM/ G电磁阀，发电机开始运行。

    In A320 Family, in flight when the two AC main buses are lost and when speed is higher than 100 kts Ram Air Turbine(RAT) solenoid 1 is energized by HOT BATtery BUS1and the RAT extends automatically.In addition, the Constant Speed Motor/Generator(CSM/ G)control unit activates the CSM/Gsolenoid valve using battery 2 and the generator starts running.

   在A330中，在以下任何一种情况下，这种情况将发生在100 Kts以上的飞行中:1发和2发失效，绿色和蓝色液压油箱低油位，或绿色和黄色液压油箱低油位。HSMU通过ESS总线提供的螺线管2来控制RAT上行锁的自动释放。另外，CSM/G在双主交流总线失效时自动启动。

    In A330,this will occur in flight above 100 Kts under any of the following conditions: ENG1 and 2 failed,on green and blue reservoir low level, or green and yellow reservoir low level. The HSMU controls the automatic release of the RAT uplock by energizing solenoid 2,supplied by EsS BUS. In addition, The CSM/G is automatically started when the two main AC buses are lost.

7.CONTROL & INDICATING



A320 40VU



A320 45VU 50VU 21VU


A330











A320 hydraulic ECAM page



A330 hydraulic ECAM page