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<section class="_editor" data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="47562" style="margin-bottom:unset;"><section data-align="title" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0px;padding:5px 0px;box-sizing:border-box;"><section style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:unset;"><section style="width:60%;height:1px;background-color:rgb(148, 134, 255);margin-left:auto;margin-bottom:-4px;overflow:hidden;line-height:0;transform:rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);-moz-transform:rotate(0deg);-ms-transform:rotate(0deg);-o-transform:rotate(0deg);" data-width="60%"></section><section style="width:1px;height:25px;background-color:rgb(148, 134, 255);margin-left:auto;margin-bottom:-23px;margin-right:2px;overflow:hidden;line-height:0;transform:rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);-moz-transform:rotate(0deg);-ms-transform:rotate(0deg);-o-transform:rotate(0deg);"></section><section style="background-color:rgb(237, 252, 255);padding:5px 10px;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;box-sizing:border-box;margin-bottom:unset;"><section style="width:15px;margin-bottom:unset;"><p></p></section><section style="font-size:16px;color:#9486FF;letter-spacing:2px;margin:0px 10px;"><p><strong>点击蓝字 关注我们</strong></p></section><section style="width:5px;height:5px;background-color:rgb(255, 217, 83);border-radius:50%;box-sizing:border-box;margin-bottom:unset;overflow:hidden;line-height:0;"></section></section><section style="width:1px;height:25px;background-color:rgb(148, 134, 255);margin-top:-23px;margin-left:2px;margin-bottom:unset;overflow:hidden;line-height:0;"></section><section style="width:60%;height:1px;background-color:rgb(148, 134, 255);margin-top:-4px;margin-bottom:unset;overflow:hidden;line-height:0;" data-width="60%"></section></section></section></section><p><span style='font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>《osmnx，一个非常实用但容易被忽视的宝藏Python库》</span></p><br/>
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<span style="font-size: 50px;"><strong>1.</strong></span>
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<span style="color: #9486ff; font-size: 20px;"><strong>引言</strong></span>
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<p><span style='font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>你是否曾经需要获取某个城市的街道地图数据，或者想分析某个地区的交通网络？你或许会想到使用一些商业地图API，但它们往往伴随着使用限制和费用。今天，我要向你介绍一个开源的Python库——osmnx，它能让你轻松地从OpenStreetMap
(OSM) 获取和处理地理空间数据，开启无限可能。</span></p><br/>
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<span style="font-size: 50px;"><strong>2.</strong></span>
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<span style="color: #9486ff; font-size: 20px;"><strong>安装和配置osmnx</strong></span>
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<p><span style='font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>安装osmnx非常简单，只需使用pip即可：</span></p><br/>
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</p><br/>
<p><span style='font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>pip install osmnx</span></p><br/>
<p>osmnx依赖于一些关键库，例如<code>geopandas</code>、<code>requests</code>和<code>shapely</code>。上述命令会自动安装这些依赖项。
如果你遇到安装问题，特别是<code>geopandas</code>的安装，请确保你的系统已经安装了必要的地理空间库，例如<code>GDAL</code>、<code>Fiona</code>和<code>pyproj</code>。
可以尝试使用conda安装这些库：</p><br/>
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<p><span style='font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>conda install -c conda-forge geopandas</span></p><br/>
<p><span style='font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>最佳实践是创建一个虚拟环境来安装osmnx及其依赖项，以避免与其他Python项目产生冲突：</span></p><br/>
<p>
python3 -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate # Linux/macOS
.venv\Scripts\activate # Windows
pip install osmnx</p><br/>
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<span style="color: #9486ff; font-size: 20px;"><strong>基本用法/核心概念</strong></span>
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<p><span style='font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>osmnx的核心功能是下载和处理地理空间数据。让我们从一个简单的例子开始，获取北京市的地图数据：import osmnx as ox</span></p><br/>
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left: 53px; background-color: #27c93f;"></span></div><div style="padding-top: 33px; overflow-x: auto;"><div style="padding-left: 20px; position: relative; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="position: absolute; left: -40px; color: #636d83; user-select: none;">1</span><code># 获取北京市的路网图</code></div><div style="padding-left: 20px; position: relative; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="position: absolute; left: -40px; color: #636d83; user-select: none;">2</span><code>place = “Beijing， China”</code></div><div style="padding-left: 20px; position: relative; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="position: absolute; left: -40px; color: #636d83; user-select: none;">3</span><code>graph = ox.graph_from_place(place， network_type='drive')</code></div><div style="padding-left: 20px; position: relative; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="position: absolute; left: -40px; color: #636d83; user-select: none;">5</span><code># 将路网图保存为shapefile文件</code></div><div style="padding-left: 20px; position: relative; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="position: absolute; left: -40px; color: #636d83; user-select: none;">6</span><code>ox.save_graph_shapefile(graph， filepath=“./beijing_road_network.shp”)</code></div><div style="padding-left: 20px; position: relative; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="position: absolute; left: -40px; color: #636d83; user-select: none;">8</span><code># 可视化路网图</code></div><div style="padding-left: 20px; position: relative; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;"><span style="position: absolute; left: -40px; color: #636d83; user-select: none;">9</span><code>fig， ax = ox.plot_graph(graph)</code></div></div></pre>
<p>这段代码首先使用<code>ox.graph_from_place()</code>函数，根据地名“Beijing，
China”下载了北京市的道路网络数据，并将其存储在<code>graph</code>对象中。<code>network_type='drive'</code>参数指定下载的是可驾驶道路网络。使用<code>ox.save_graph_shapefile()</code>函数将路网图保存为shapefile文件，方便在GIS软件中使用。使用<code>ox.plot_graph()</code>函数将路网图可视化。</p><br/>
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<span style="color: #9486ff; font-size: 20px;"><strong>进阶技巧/最佳实践</strong></span>
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<p><span style='font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>除了下载路网图，osmnx还可以下载建筑物、兴趣点（POI）等其他地理空间数据。我们可以下载北京市内的所有学校：import osmnx as ox</span></p><br/>
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<p><span style='font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>在处理大型数据集时，为了提高效率，建议使用缓存机制。osmnx默认使用磁盘缓存，可以避免重复下载相同的数据。</span></p><br/>
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<p><span style='font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>osmnx可以应用于各种地理空间数据分析场景，例如：</span></p><br/>
<ul>
<li><strong style="color: #2a5eff; background-color: #ffffff;">交通网络分析：</strong> 计算最短路径、分析交通流量、识别交通瓶颈等。</li>
<li><strong style="color: #2a5eff; background-color: #ffffff;">城市规划：</strong> 分析城市空间结构、评估可达性、优化公共交通线路等。</li>
<li><strong style="color: #2a5eff; background-color: #ffffff;">物流配送：</strong> 规划配送路线、优化仓库选址等。</li>
<li><strong style="color: #2a5eff; background-color: #ffffff;">灾害应急：</strong> 分析受灾区域、规划救援路线等。</li>
</ul><br/>
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<p><span style='font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>osmnx是一个功能强大且易于使用的Python库，它为我们提供了一种便捷的方式来获取和处理OpenStreetMap数据。它在城市规划、交通分析、物流配送等领域具有广泛的应用前景。
虽然它是一个相对小众的库，但它绝对是一个值得你探索的宝藏。</span></p><br/>
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<span style="color: #9486ff; font-size: 20px;"><strong>彩蛋/额外福利</strong></span>
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<p><span style='font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>除了官方文档，你还可以参考一些优秀的博客和教程来学习osmnx的更多用法。 你也可以加入osmnx的社区论坛，与其他用户交流经验和心得。
希望osmnx能帮助你更好地利用OpenStreetMap数据，创造更多价值！</span></p><br/><section class="_editor" data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="48822" style="margin-bottom:unset;"><section style="margin:10px 0px;"><section style="background-color:rgb(250, 247, 255);padding:15px 10px;border-radius:15px;margin-bottom:unset;box-sizing:border-box;"><section style="display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;margin-bottom:unset;"><section style="background-color:rgb(148, 134, 255);padding:5px 25px;border-radius:30px;margin-bottom:unset;box-sizing:border-box;"><section style="font-size:16px;letter-spacing:2px;color:#fefefe;margin-bottom:unset;"><p><strong>往期回顾</strong></p></section></section><section style="font-size:12px;color:#9486ff;letter-spacing:5px;margin-left:10px;margin-bottom:unset;"><p><br></p></section></section><section style="background-color:rgb(254, 254, 254);padding:10px;margin-top:10px;margin-bottom:unset;box-sizing:border-box;"><section style="display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;margin-bottom:unset;"><section style="width:10%;margin-bottom:unset;" data-width="10%"><section style="text-align:center;width:37px;height:37px;background-color:rgb(148, 134, 255);border-radius:50%;margin:auto;box-sizing:border-box;transform:rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);-moz-transform:rotate(0deg);-ms-transform:rotate(0deg);-o-transform:rotate(0deg);"><section style="font-size:15px;line-height:37px;color:#fefefe;margin-bottom:unset;"><p><strong><span style="font-size:13px;">01</span></strong></p></section></section></section><section style="width:80%;margin-bottom:unset;" data-width="80%"><section style="font-size:14px;letter-spacing:1px;line-height:1.75;margin-bottom:unset;"><p><br></p></section></section></section><section style="display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;margin-top:11px;margin-bottom:unset;" class="_li"><section style="width:10%;margin-bottom:unset;" data-width="10%"><section style="text-align:center;width:37px;height:37px;background-color:rgb(148, 134, 255);border-radius:50%;margin:auto;box-sizing:border-box;transform:rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);-moz-transform:rotate(0deg);-ms-transform:rotate(0deg);-o-transform:rotate(0deg);"><section style="font-size:15px;line-height:37px;color:#fefefe;margin-bottom:unset;"><p><span style="font-size:13px;"><strong>02</strong></span></p></section></section></section><section style="width:80%;margin-bottom:unset;" data-width="80%"><section style="font-size:14px;letter-spacing:2px;line-height:1.75;margin-bottom:unset;"><p><br></p></section></section></section><section style="display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;margin-top:11px;margin-bottom:unset;" class="_li"><section style="width:10%;margin-bottom:unset;" data-width="10%"><section style="text-align:center;width:37px;height:37px;background-color:rgb(148, 134, 255);border-radius:50%;margin:auto;box-sizing:border-box;transform:rotate(0deg);-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);-moz-transform:rotate(0deg);-ms-transform:rotate(0deg);-o-transform:rotate(0deg);"><section style="font-size:15px;line-height:37px;color:#fefefe;margin-bottom:unset;"><p><span style="font-size:13px;"><strong>03</strong></span></p></section></section></section><section style="width:80%;margin-bottom:unset;" data-width="80%"><section style="font-size:14px;letter-spacing:2px;line-height:1.75;margin-bottom:unset;"><p><br></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section class="_editor" data-support="96编辑器" data-style-id="47567" style="margin-bottom:unset;"><section style="margin:10px 0px;"><section style="display:flex;width:70%;margin-left:auto;justify-content:space-around;align-items:flex-end;margin-bottom:unset;" data-width="70%"><section style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:unset;"><section style="width:25px;margin:auto;margin-bottom:8px;"><p>
</p></section><section style="font-size:13px;letter-spacing:2px;margin-bottom:unset;"><p>分享</p></section></section><section style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:unset;"><section style="width:25px;margin:auto;margin-bottom:8px;"><p>
</p></section><section style="font-size:13px;letter-spacing:2px;margin-bottom:unset;"><p>收藏</p></section></section><section style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:unset;"><section style="width:27px;margin:auto;margin-bottom:8px;"><p>
</p></section><section style="font-size:13px;letter-spacing:2px;margin-bottom:unset;"><p>在看</p></section></section><section style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:unset;"><section style="width:22px;margin:auto;margin-bottom:8px;"><p></p></section><section style="font-size:13px;letter-spacing:2px;margin-bottom:unset;"><p>点赞</p></section></section></section></section></section> |
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