飞机与飞行|第二单元

咏蘅誓唁

Chapter 2

Aircraft Structures

立即报名

aircraft structures

FOLLOWING US

An airplane can be divided into five parts according to its structure

In this chapter, we will go through each of these sections: fuselage, wing, empennage, landing gear and powerplant or engine.

Can you find these 5 parts of an aircraft in this picture?

You can click on the picture to see the answer.

01

fuselage



The fuselage is the main structure or body of the fixed-wing aircraft.In multi-engine aircraft,the engines may be either in the fuselage, attached to the fuselage,or suspended from the wing structure.

02

wing

position —  airfoils attached to each side of the fuselage

function —the main lifting surfaces that support the airplane in flight provide spaces for fuel, landing gear, engines and some other equipment



Basing on the number of wings, aircraft are divided into the following categories

1) Monoplane

2) Biplane

3) Triplane

Basing on the position of wings:

1) Low Wing

2) Mid Wing

3) High Wing

Basing on the shape of wings:

1) Straight wing

2) Sweptback wing

3) Forward swept wing

In addition to these, let's continue to study some concepts related to wings

wingtip
1

A wing tip is the part of the wing that is most distant from the fuselage of a fixed-wing aircraft.

wingspan

2

The wingspan of an aircraft is the length of the wing as measured from wingtip to wingtip.

airfoil

3

A wing produces lift because of its special shape, a shape called an airfoil.

chord

4

The distance from the leading edge to the trailing edge is called the chord, denoted by the symbol c

winglet

5

It refers to a near-vertical extension of the wingtips.

03

empennage

Components of Empennage

Vertical Stabilizer

1

attached to the rear of the fuselage to provide stability in yaw

Horizontal Stabilizer

2

attached to the rear of the fuselage to provide stability in pitch

Rudder

3

attached to the back of the vertical stabilizer control the yawing of the nose left or right operated with the feet by pressing the base of the rudder pedals

Elevator

4

attached to the back of the horizontal stabilizer control the pitching of the nose up or down during flight

Trim tabs

5

small, movable portions of the trailing edge of the control surface controlled from the cockpit reduce control pressures may be installed on the ailerons, the rudder, and/or the elevator

04

landing gear



The landing gear is the principal support of the airplane when parked, taxiing, taking off, or when landing.

05

powerplant

An aircraft engine, or powerplant, produces thrust to propel an aircraft.

The two most common types of engine used in aircraft are:

1) reciprocating engine

2) turbine engine

06

Aircraft Manufacturing Process

Just as in automotive manufacturing, the aircraftindustry uses assembly lines for manufacturing.There are six major subasemblies which make up an aircraft:

(1) the fuselage or body;

(2) the empennage or tail assembly;

(3) the wings;

(4) the landing gear assemblies;

(5) the powerplant or jet engine; and

(6) the flight control systems and instruments

长

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注

文 | 吴建雷

图 |  吴建雷

制作| 王黛 宋元清

指导教师 | 张艳玲老师

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